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Oil Paintings
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Albrecht Durer
b.May 21, 1471, Imperial Free City of Nernberg [Germany]
d.April 6, 1528, Nernberg
Albrecht Durer (May 21, 1471 ?C April 6, 1528) was a German painter, printmaker and theorist from Nuremberg. His still-famous works include the Apocalypse woodcuts, Knight, Death, and the Devil (1513), Saint Jerome in his Study (1514) and Melencolia I (1514), which has been the subject of extensive analysis and interpretation. His watercolours mark him as one of the first European landscape artists, while his ambitious woodcuts revolutionized the potential of that medium. D??rer introduction of classical motifs into Northern art, through his knowledge of Italian artists and German humanists, have secured his reputation as one of the most important figures of the Northern Renaissance. This is reinforced by his theoretical treatise which involve principles of mathematics, perspective and ideal proportions.
His prints established his reputation across Europe when he was still in his twenties, and he has been conventionally regarded as the greatest artist of the Renaissance in Northern Europe ever since. |
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Albrecht Durer
The Prodigal Son among the Swine
1497-98 Pen, 217 x 219 mm British Museum, London The sheet, which is cut at top and bottom, is a preliminary drawing for the (also undated) copperplate engraving, which may be assigned to 1497-98. In the engraving the houses were brought lower, the figures were brought closer together, and the best pig (the one with its feet in the trough) was omitted. The praying swineherd, whose bodily articulation is not easily discernible even in the drawing (the springing of the left leg!) became more unclear in the engraving. Such cases are important for the proper evaluation of the more mature master's efforts for complete clarity of representation.Artist:D?RER, Albrecht Title: The Prodigal Son among the Swine Painted in 1501-1550 , German - - graphics : religious
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Albrecht Durer
Head of an Angel
1506 Brush drawing on blue Venetian paper, 270 x 208 mm Graphische Sammlung Albertina, Vienna There are a total of 22 preliminary studies, every one of which can be considered an autonomous work of art, in which D?rer prepared the Feast of the Rose Garlands (National Gallery, Prague). The head of the lute-playing angel by the Madonna's feet is a masterpiece of drawing. The technique of the brush drawing with white highlights on blue paper was one D?rer became acquainted with in Venice. The interplay of white and dark parallel and cross-hatchings which gently follow the curves of the face create the plastic effect of the light and dark shades.Artist:D?RER, Albrecht Title: Head of an Angel Painted in 1501-1550 , German - - graphics : study
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Albrecht Durer
Nuremberg Woman Dressed for Church
1500 Pen and ink and watercolour on paper, 325 x 218 mm Graphische Sammlung Albertina, Vienna D?rer, who seems to have dressed well himself, was always interested in depicting clothing and he produced some of the earliest known costume studies in European art. This is one of a set of four costume studies of Nuremberg women, two of them in dancing dresses and one in everyday attire. The artist's wife Agnes; then in her mid-twenties, was probably the model. The watercolour is inscribed: `This is how people dress for church in Nuremberg' along with the text `Think of me in Thy Realm'. Dressed in her best clothes for church, the demure young woman wears a red cloak with a green lining and beneath this is a blue-green dress fringed with white fur. She has a starched linen headdress. Her eyes look down at the ground, in a contemplative pose. Four years later D?rer used this study in his woodcut of the Marriage of the Virgin. The Nuremberg woman appears at the right of the print, in reverse, as one of the seven virgins who were Mary's companions.Artist:D?RER, Albrecht Title: Nuremberg Woman Dressed for Church Painted in 1501-1550 , German - - graphics : other
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Albrecht Durer
St Jerome in His Study
1511 Pen, 190 x 151 mm Biblioteca Ambrosiana, Milan Preliminary study for the woodcut, in which the composition is further simplified and compressed, a large white curtain of diagonal contour playing a decisive role in the change.Artist:D?RER, Albrecht Title: St Jerome in His Study Painted in 1501-1550 , German - - graphics : study
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Albrecht Durer
Male and Female Nudes
1516 Pen, 258 x 225 mm St?delsches Kunstinstitut, Frankfurt (The significance of the action has not yet been convincingly explained.) This is a drawing of great lightness with open, quite transparent patches of strokes. The line that characterizes the form is completely absorbed in ornamental beauty. In the background, behind the lower third of the height of the figures, there is an area of parallel horizontal lines ?a feature that recurs elsewhere.Artist:D?RER, Albrecht Title: Male and Female Nudes Painted in 1501-1550 , German - - graphics : study
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Albrecht Durer
Self-Portrait at 13
1484 Silverpoint on paper, 275 x 196 mm Graphische Sammlung Albertina, Vienna At the age of 13, D?rer created the earliest self-portrait of an artist at so young an age. Using silverpoint, the features of D?rer with which we are familiar from later self-portraits, though still rather childlike here, are depicted with gentle strokes. Like one of Martin Schongauer's Late Gothic angels in depictions of the Annunciation, the boy is also pointing to the right. His left hand is concealed beneath his sleeve, thus suggesting that this self-portrait was painted in front of a mirror.Artist:D?RER, Albrecht Title: Self-Portrait at 13 Painted in 1501-1550 , German - - graphics : portrait
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Albrecht Durer
Study of an Architect
1506 Brush and ink heightened with white on paper, 386 x 262 mm Staatliche Museen, Berlin D?rer worked very hard on the Altarpiece of the Rose Garlands, and no less than 22 of his studies for the work have survived. These include a sketch of an architect holding a set square, probably Hieronymous of Augsburg. He is dressed in black at the far right of the painting, near the front. Hieronymous was then working on the reconstruction of the Fondaco dei Tedeschi, the Germans' trading house in Venice which had been destroyed by fire in 1505.Artist:D?RER, Albrecht Title: Study of an Architect Painted in 1501-1550 , German - - graphics : study
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Albrecht Durer
Male Nude with a Glass and Snake
so-called Asclepius c. 1500 Pen drawing, green ink, 325 x 205 mm Staatliche Museen, Berlin This pen drawing of the so-called Asclepius, the classical god of medicine, is one of D?rer's earliest studies of proportion. The design sketch proves that the figure was originally laid out as a study of proportion. The muscular detail of the body is similar to that of Adam in the copper engraving dating from 1504.Artist:D?RER, Albrecht Title: Male Nude with a Glass and Snake, so-called Asclepius Painted in 1501-1550 , German - - graphics : study
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Albrecht Durer
Self-Portrait with a Bandage
1491-92 Pen drawing on paper, back side, 204 x 208 mm Graphische Sammlung der Universit?tsbibliothek, Erlangen D?rer's self portrait with a bandage presumably dates from the first period of his journeys; it was sketched with rapid strokes, and D?rer's face with his inquiring gaze stands out. The hand gesture is reminiscent of the tradition of depictions of Christ suffering, of melancholy and sleep. An interpretation of melancholy fits in most readily with a self portrait in this manner.Artist:D?RER, Albrecht Title: Self-Portrait with a Bandage Painted in 1501-1550 , German - - graphics : portrait
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Albrecht Durer
The Virgin Nursing the Child
1512 Charcoal, 418 x 288 mm Graphische Sammlung Albertina, Vienna (The sheet is drastically cut at the right and the bottom.) This can scarcely be considered as a preliminary study for a painting; on the contrary, it is an independent drawing par excellence, with a great deal of curly and distinct linear movement. It is clear from this how incompletely the tortured motif of the 1512 painting of the Virgin (Vienna) reveals the artist's general frame of mind in this period.Artist:D?RER, Albrecht Title: The Virgin Nursing the Child Painted in 1501-1550 , German - - graphics : study
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Albrecht Durer
The Virgin among a Multitude of Animals
1503 Pen and ink and watercolour on paper, 321 x 243 mm Graphische Sammlung Albertina, Vienna The Virgin holds the Christ child, who ignores the natural wonders around him and points towards Joseph. The small figure of Joseph stands near the house and he appears to be conversing with a stork. A closer examination reveals that many incidents from the story of the Nativity are being told. An angel swoops down from the sky to give news of Christ's arrival to shepherds tending their flocks on the hillside. On the left side of the picture, the ships of the three Kings have arrived and the Magi are setting off with their retinues. This charming picture is distinguished from countless depictions of the Nativity by the wonders of nature which D?rer has included. The parrot, perched on the pole by the Virgin's side, was the prophet which announced her arrival. D?rer drew this bird from an earlier study. The artist loved parrots and he later acquired several live specimens on his trip to the Netherlands in 1521. Just beneath the parrot in the watercolour is a green woodpecker, ready to hammer out a song of praise. In the bottom left corner a large stag beetle teases the Virgin's faithful but sleepy dog and a butterfly has gently alighted on its back. All the creatures have a meaning. The chained fox is a symbol of evil. The two owls around the tree stump represent the forces of darkness, but Christ's appearance has deprived them of their power. In the bottom right corner is a crab, like the one which D?rer painted on his first visit to Venice. Among other creatures are a snail, a dragonfly, a pair of swans, a robin, a moth and a water wagtail. D?rer has delicately added colour wash to his pen and ink drawing, blue for the sky and water, a range of greens for the landscape and traces of red for the flowers. The resulting work is extremely delicate, portraying the Virgin and Child with great tenderness and a touch of humour. Two other versions of this picture exist and the composition may well have been intended as a study for a proposed engraving.Artist:D?RER, Albrecht Title: The Virgin among a Multitude of Animals Painted in 1501-1550 , German - - graphics : religious
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Albrecht Durer
Study of Hands
1506 Pen and ink heightened with white on paper, 206 x 185 mm Blasius Collection, Braunschweig D?rer's painting Christ among the Doctors (1506, Thyssen-Bornemisza Collection, Madrid) was based on a number of careful studies, including this one of Christ's gesticulating fingers.Artist:D?RER, Albrecht Title: Study of Hands Painted in 1501-1550 , German - - graphics : study
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Albrecht Durer
Knight on Horseback
1512 Drawing, 239 x 173 mm Biblioteca Pinacoteca Ambrosiana, Milan A preliminary study, drawn on both sides of the paper, for the masterly engraving of the Knight, Death and the Devil concentrates on the group comprising the horse and rider. From the proportional scheme drawn onto the sheet, it can be seen that D?rer precisely prepared the copper engraving in the same manner as his studies on the ideal proportions of the horse. While he did not change the depiction of the rider in the copper engravings, he altered details in the horse several times, for example correcting its right hind hoof both on the preliminary drawing and on the plate.Artist:D?RER, Albrecht Title: Knight on Horseback Painted in 1501-1550 , German - - graphics : study
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Albrecht Durer
Portrait of Maximilian I
1518 Charcoal and chalk on paper, 381 x 319 mm Graphische Sammlung Albertina, Vienna On 28 June 1518 D?rer had sketched Maximilian during the Imperial Diet at Augsburg. He inscribed the drawing: `This is Emperor Maximilian, whom I, Albrecht D?rer, portrayed up in his small chamber in the tower at Augsburg on the Monday after the feast day of John the Baptist in the year 1518.' In the relatively informal sketch D?rer captured a hint of the fatigued resignation of the 59 year-old ruler. The drawing has suffered: the colour added to the face by another hand is now washed out, but has left behind large disfiguring traces. This is a preliminary study for the paintings in Vienna and Nuremberg.Artist:D?RER, Albrecht Title: Portrait of Maximilian I Painted in 1501-1550 , German - - graphics : portrait
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Albrecht Durer
Head of the Twelve Year Old Christ
1506 Brush drawing on blue Venetian paper, 275 x 211 mm Graphische Sammlung Albertina, Vienna The head study of the twelve year-old Jesus was originally drawn on the same sheet, later separated, as the preliminary drawing of the lute-playing angel in the Feast of the Rose Garlands. This is confirmed by the fact that the two pictures were created at the same time. In contrast to the preliminary drawing for the Feast of the Rose Garlands, D?rer kept more rigidly to his preliminary study in the painting of Christ among the Doctors, diverging only in details such as the reproduction of the hair.Artist:D?RER, Albrecht Title: Head of the Twelve Year Old Christ Painted in 1501-1550 , German - - graphics : study
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Albrecht Durer
Portrait of the Artist's Mother
1514 Charcoal drawing on paper, 421 x 303 mm Staatliche Museen, Berlin Two months before his mother's death, D?rer recorded her features in this famous drawing. The extreme naturalism of the portrait is a reference to the hard life the depicted woman had endured, for she had suffered from various illnesses and had given birth to 18 children, only three of which survived. While in the Middle Ages ugliness was equated solely with evil or death, here its function is mainly as a private record.Artist:D?RER, Albrecht Title: Portrait of the Artist's Mother Painted in 1501-1550 , German - - graphics : portrait
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Albrecht Durer
Willibald Pirckheimer
1503 Charcoal drawing, 282 x 208 mm Staatliche Museen, Berlin In the portrait drawing of Willibald Pirckheimer, seen in profile looking to the left, D?rer was making use of a silver point drawing and "refined his friend's features without flattering him," as Panofsky stated. The famous humanist was a close friend and intimate of D?rer's. It is possible that D?rer was stimulated to produce this profile portrait by ancient imperial coins, though it is also possible that the drawing was used as a pattern by a medal maker.Artist:D?RER, Albrecht Title: Willibald Pirckheimer Painted in 1501-1550 , German - - graphics : portrait
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Albrecht Durer
Studies of Self-Portrait
Hand and Pillow 1493 Pen and ink on paper, 28 x 20 cm Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York This sketched self-portrait was on the reverse of the painted self-portrait of 1493, now in the Mus?e du Louvre, Paris. It could well have been an early study for the oil painting.Artist:D?RER, Albrecht Title: Studies of Self-Portrait, Hand and Pillow Painted in 1501-1550 , German - - graphics : study
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Albrecht Durer
Side, Front, and Back View of a Helmet
1503 Pen, 422 x 268 mm Mus?e du Louvre, Paris The date 1514 is false. D?rer apparently owned the helmet. The side view was used in the 1503 copperplate engraving "The Coat-of-arms of Death," the front view in the engraving (to be dated not much later) "Coat-of-arms with a Rooster."Artist:D?RER, Albrecht Title: Side, Front, and Back View of a Helmet Painted in 1501-1550 , German - - graphics : study
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Albrecht Durer
The Madonna and Child with a Music-making Angel
1519 Pen, 305 x 210 mm Royal Collection, Windsor There are only slight differences in tone, but an impression of richness is achieved by the very economical variation in direction of the areas of linear shading.Artist:D?RER, Albrecht Title: The Madonna and Child with a Music-making Angel Painted in 1501-1550 , German - - graphics : religious
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| Albrecht Durer
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b.May 21, 1471, Imperial Free City of Nernberg [Germany]
d.April 6, 1528, Nernberg
Albrecht Durer (May 21, 1471 ?C April 6, 1528) was a German painter, printmaker and theorist from Nuremberg. His still-famous works include the Apocalypse woodcuts, Knight, Death, and the Devil (1513), Saint Jerome in his Study (1514) and Melencolia I (1514), which has been the subject of extensive analysis and interpretation. His watercolours mark him as one of the first European landscape artists, while his ambitious woodcuts revolutionized the potential of that medium. D??rer introduction of classical motifs into Northern art, through his knowledge of Italian artists and German humanists, have secured his reputation as one of the most important figures of the Northern Renaissance. This is reinforced by his theoretical treatise which involve principles of mathematics, perspective and ideal proportions.
His prints established his reputation across Europe when he was still in his twenties, and he has been conventionally regarded as the greatest artist of the Renaissance in Northern Europe ever since.
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